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How did Watson condition Little Albert?
Method. The aim of Watson and Rayner was to condition a phobia in an emotionally stable child. At this point, Watson and Rayner made a loud sound behind Albert’s back by striking a suspended steel bar with a hammer each time the baby touched the rat. Albert responded to the noise by crying and showing fear.
What is Watson conditioning?
John Watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning (based on Pavlov’s observations) was able to explain all aspects of human psychology. Everything from speech to emotional responses was simply patterns of stimulus and response.
What was the conditioned stimulus CS in the case of Little Albert quizlet?
The white rat was the conditioned stimulus. Little albert learned to fear the white rat after associating it with the loud noise.
What is a conditioned stimulus in psychology?
In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
Who is Little Albert in psychology?
“Little Albert,” the baby behind John Watson’s famous 1920 emotional conditioning experiment at Johns Hopkins University, has been identified as Douglas Merritte, the son of a wetnurse named Arvilla Merritte who lived and worked at a campus hospital at the time of the experiment — receiving $1 for her baby’s …
What is the difference between Watson and Pavlov?
Watson used the principles of classical conditioning in the study of human emotion. Watson’s ideas were influenced by Pavlov’s work. Whereas Pavlov’s work with dogs involved the conditioning of reflexes, Watson believed the same principles could be extended to the conditioning of human emotions (Watson, 1919).
Who conditioned Little Albert to fear a white rat?
When Little Albert was 9 months old, Watson and Rayner exposed him to a series of stimuli including a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, masks, and burning newspapers and observed the boy’s reactions. The boy initially showed no fear of any of the objects he was shown.
What was the unconditioned stimulus in the Little Albert Experiment quizlet?
Before Conditioning, what was the Neutral Stimulus, and what was the Response, at the beginning of the Classical Conditioning Experiment, performed on Little Albert, by Watson and Rayner? The Neutral Stimulus was the White Rat. The Unconditioned Stimulus, UCS was a Loud Noise, caused by a hammer hitting a metal bar.
How do you explain conditioned stimulus?
A conditioned stimulus is a substitute stimulus that triggers the same response in an organism as an unconditioned stimulus. Simply put, a conditioned stimulus makes an organism react to something because it is associated with something else.
Can a person be a conditioned stimulus?
Some time is required for a neutral stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus. This period is called the acquisition phase. During this time, humans or animals learn to connect the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned response. These repeated connections transform the neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus.
How is conditioning used in the Little Albert experiment?
The Little Albert experiment presents and example of how classical conditioning can be used to condition an emotional response. Neutral Stimulus: The white rat Unconditioned Stimulus: The loud noise Unconditioned Response: Fear Conditioned Stimulus: The white rat Conditioned Response: Fear
What did Watson do to make Little Albert Cry?
Watson then presented the rat with a loud bang that startled Little Albert and made him cry. After the continuous association of the white rat and loud noise, Little Albert was classically conditioned to experience fear at the sight of the rat.
What kind of conditioning did John Watson use?
To review, John Watson used classical conditioning to create paired associations between unrelated stimuli.
What is the definition of a conditioned stimulus?
A conditioned stimulus is a learned substitute stimulus triggering the same response as an unconditioned stimulus. In other words, a conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that, over time and training, evokes a response by repeatedly being linked with another naturally occurring stimulus.