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What lung cancer causes SIADH?
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is one of the paraneoplastic syndrome which has a well-established linkage to small cell lung cancer. It occurs in 7–16% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases and has been linked to worse outcome in patients with SCLC [3], [4].
Does non-small cell lung cancer cause SIADH?
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a very rare cause of SIADH, with only three published cases over the past two decades [5–7]. In one large case series, only 3 of 427 patients with NSCLC (0.7%) were diagnosed with the syndrome [8].
How does small lung cancer cause SIADH?
SIADH is due to increased secretion from the pituitary gland or to ectopic production of ADH by tumor cells. High levels of ADH cause a reduction of renal free water excretion, which leads to serum hypoosmolality and hyponatremia.
Why do lung problems cause SIADH?
Pulmonary diseases such as COPD also can cause SIADH due to renal vasoconstriction and antidiuresis in response to hypercapnia. The renal response eventually leads to hyponatremia due to water retention.
How bad is SIADH?
In severe cases, SIADH can cause confusion, seizures, and coma. Treatment usually begins with limiting fluid intake to prevent further buildup.
Why does lung disease cause SIADH?
Pulmonary diseases such as COPD also can cause SIADH due to renal vasoconstriction and antidiuresis in response to hypercapnia. The renal response eventually leads to hyponatremia due to water retention. Idiopathic SIADH is also a common cause of hyponatremia in older adults.
Can SIADH cause pleural effusion?
The Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) is considered to be the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia. Common causes of SIADH include pulmonary disease such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, pleural effusions, and CNS disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and meningitis.
What is the survival rate for small cell lung cancer?
Survival rates for small cell lung cancer are different for different stages of the disease. Currently, the 5-year survival rate for stage 1 is 31 percent, for stage 2, 19 percent, for stage 3 it is 8 percent and only 2 percent for stage 4 disease.
What causes SIADH syndrome?
Causes of SIADH include conditions that dysregulate ADH secretion in the central nervous system, tumors that secrete ADH, drugs that increase ADH secretion, and many others.
What is the treatment for small cell cancer?
Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for small cell lung cancer because it spreads quickly. The most commonly used chemotherapy regimen is etoposide (Toposar, VePesid, Etopophos) or irinotecan (Camptosar) plus a platinum-based drug such as cisplatin (Platinol) or carboplatin (Paraplatin).
What is the prognosis for small cell carcinoma?
Extensive-stage small cell carcinoma is the lungs, has spread to other organs, and in a recurrent carcinoma, found also in the central nervous system. The prognosis for limited-stage is an expected term of 14 to 20 months and nearly 20% survival for five years; the prognosis for extensive-stage,…