How does genetics influence drug response?
Single variants in genes not involved in drug metabolism can also confer high risk for variable drug responses. These may involve variants in genes encoding the target molecules or pathways with which drugs interact, or those encoding genes unrelated to the therapeutic effect.
How does genetics affect pharmacokinetics?
Genetic polymorphisms in drug transporters and phase-1 drug-metabolizing enzymes can alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic properties of the administered drugs, their metabolites or both at the target site, resulting in variability in drug responses.
What is genetic predisposition to adverse drug reaction?
ADRs possess strong genetic predisposition, and the identified important risk factors include genes encoding human leukocyte antigens (HLA), drug-metabolising enzymes and drug transporters.
Which type of ADR occurs in the genetically predisposed?
One historical example of a gene-linked ADR is the association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) polymorphisms with haemolytic anaemia. Severe haemolytic anaemia can occur in G6PD-deficient patients after the ingestion of fava beans and after the use of certain anti-malarial drugs or sulphonamides7.
What factors influence drug action?
Factors influencing drug effects
- Type of drug.
- Quantity of drug used.
- Method of drug use.
- Time taken to consume.
- Tolerance.
- Gender, size and amount of muscle.
- Use of other psycho-active drugs.
- Mood or attitude.
Does ethnicity affect drug response?
Ethnic differences in drug response may be due to the interaction of genetic differences and the environmental effects on individuals, as well as the pathogenesis of the disease itself.
What is the most frequent type of drug food interaction?
According to the pharmacist, the five most common foods that can interfere with drugs are grapefruit juice, green leafy vegetables, salt substitutes, dairy products, and alcohol.
What is an adverse drug reaction Give 2 3 examples?
Examples of such adverse drug reactions include rashes, jaundice, anemia, a decrease in the white blood cell count, kidney damage, and nerve injury that may impair vision or hearing. These reactions tend to be more serious but typically occur in a very small number of people.
What factors can influence the intensity of a drug on a user which are the 3 primary factors?
The effect of any drug on an individual is the result of three interacting factors: the drug itself. the individual user. the environment in which drug use occurs.
What physiological factors of the patient may affect drug response?
Physiological factors that affect the fate of drugs in the body and thereby have effects on their pharmacology and toxicology involve the systems that control absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The main factors are disease, genetics, and age.