Table of Contents
What is the function of the hormone osteocalcin?
Importantly, osteocalcin is secreted solely by osteoblasts but only has minor effects on bone mineralization and density. Instead, it has been reported to control several physiological processes in an endocrine manner, such as glucose homeostasis and exercise capacity, brain development, cognition, and male fertility.
How is osteocalcin carboxylated?
Osteocalcin is a 49-amino-acid peptide secreted by osteoblasts into bone matrix and the blood. During posttranslational processing, the glutamic acid residues on the osteocalcin prohormone are carboxylated (addition of a COOH group) by the enzyme gamma glutamyl carboxylase, which requires vitamin K as a cofactor.
What is Uncarboxylated osteocalcin?
Background. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is a secreted protein produced by osteoblasts that regulates insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in rodents. However, the significance of these effects on glucose metabolism in human remains unknown.
What is serum osteocalcin?
Serum osteocalcin is a valid marker of the bone turnover when the resorption and formation are coupled and it is a specific marker of the bone formation when the formation and resorption are uncoupled.
What increases osteocalcin?
Weight loss, exercise, and supplements such as vitamin K can help improve bone health and increase osteocalcin levels.
What are Osteoids?
Osteoid is a protein mixture secreted by osteoblasts that forms the organic matrix of bone. Bone is formed when osteoid mineralizes. Osteoid is important in several disease processes: failure of osteoid to mineralize leads to osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
What is osteocalcin dependent on?
Osteocalcin is a 49 residue, vitamin K-dependent protein that undergoes post-translational γ-carboxylation at positions 17, 21 and 24 in a process mediated by the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase enzyme.
What does osteocalcin test for?
Why Doctors Order It. Osteocalcin blood levels reflect the rate of bone turnover. Therefore, the osteocalcin test is useful for monitoring disorders that affect bone health, such as osteoporosis, primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, cancer with bone metastasis, and Paget’s disease [6].
Who needs K2?
Our bodies need calcium to build and maintain bones. When it breaks down calcium in our bodies, vitamin K2 activates a protein that helps the mineral bind to our bones to do its job. While research is ongoing, studies show a higher K2 intake improves bone density and reduces the risk of bone fractures.
Is osteocalcin good for you?
Osteocalcin is an important protein that is important for strong bones. It also acts as a hormone to adjust insulin and glucose levels, increase testosterone, and improve muscle strength and cognitive function. Read on to learn more about osteocalcin and its complex role in health.
What foods contain osteocalcin?
The dietary calcium intake of the women averaged around 800 mg/day, while those supplementing with calcium obtained an additional 585 mg/day….
Vitamin K1 | Vitamin K2 | |
---|---|---|
Role | Coagulation | Proper calcium utilization |
Food sources | Leafy greens and green vegetables | Liver, meat, egg yolks, high-fat dairy, and natto |
How is osteocalcin regulated?
Osteocalcin is produced by osteoblasts as a pro-peptide that is cleaved before its secretion to remove an endoplasmic reticulum signal sequence and the pro-sequence [38]. In the circulation its concentration is ng/mL and its levels are regulated by a circadian rhythm.
How is osteocalcin secreted in the human body?
Osteocalcin is secreted solely by osteoblasts and thought to play a role in the body’s metabolic regulation. In its carboxylated form it binds calcium directly and thus concentrates in bone. In its uncarboxylated form, osteocalcin acts as a hormone in the body, signalling in the pancreas, fat, muscle, testes, and brain.
How does uncarboxylated osteocalcin affect the transport of glucose?
In conclusion, both carboxylated and uncarboxylated osteocalcin directly increase glucose transport in adipocytes and muscle cells, while suppressing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and stimulating interleukin 10 and adiponectin release.
How is osteocalcin used as a biochemical marker?
Use as a biochemical marker for bone formation. As osteocalcin is produced by osteoblasts, it is often used as a marker for the bone formation process. It has been observed that higher serum osteocalcin levels are relatively well correlated with increases in bone mineral density during treatment with anabolic bone formation drugs…
Which is a vitamin K receptor for osteocalcin?
Because osteocalcin has gla domains, its synthesis is vitamin K dependent. In humans, osteocalcin is encoded by the BGLAP gene. Its receptors include GPRC6A, GPR158, and possibly a third, yet-to-be-identified receptor.